Personalised Comments Essay Example for Free

Personalised Comments Essay The presenter refers to her own experience several times in the text. She uses the expressive function using the first person story. Line 79-80: First time I heard him say that I burst out laughing in the dressing room some people er visiting QVC I just think must sound very very strange if you Here she refers to one of her experiences. The reason she might be doing this is to create solidarity with the audience. She attempts at being conversational intimate so that the audience feels like they know the presenter and will trust what she is saying. Line 62-64: Ive just realised something (2. 0) but all will become clear (2. 0) in just a couple of moments. I have changed the ear in which I wear my earpiece I used to wear the earpiece on my right ear She speaks about herself here as an incident has occurred and she feels obliged to explain what has happened in order to include the audience. She adopts a chatty, friendly tone. The presenter uses personalised comments to be deliberately informal. 2) Generic Features of Discourse The text has a number of generic features that are found in this type of discourse and spoken language in general. The presenter possesses some of these features, although they are kept to the minimum. This could be because she is a professional and experienced in this field. She makes informed comments, which adds authority to her utterances. She does this by using pseudo-scientific talk. Pseudo-scientific talk and Field Specific Lexis She uses pseudo-scientific lexis throughout the text as it gives the product prestige and this acts as a persuasive device. Line 13: Look at the shape of the vial its almost as slightly Here she uses pseudo-scientific vial, which is also a quasi-technical word. This adds prestige to the product and it makes her sound professional, and authority and the repetition of this lexeme adds emphasis. Line 23-24: turn it to the light here you can see that swirl of silver Phonological patenting like sibilance and alliteration make the products more memorable. The use of sibilance in swirl of silver adds rhythm and interest in the description of the product in order for the presenter to attract the attention of the audience. Line 40: Have a look at these the diomodice saltier dangle drop earrings Here she guides the audience, using a mitigated imperative form, to look at the product without sounding too authoritative. She uses pseudo scientific field specific lexis related to diamonds, to add weight to her utterances, and uses a neologism. This reference to diomodice sounds precious and exclusive. Alliteration is also evident dangle drop which works as a cohesive and attention seeking device. Although the information is al times technical and scientific, more often it is emotive and based on opinion rather than fact as throughout the data she describing the products suing personal endorsement and opinion, often implicitly. Discourse Markers She uses discourse markers to indicate the beginning or the end of a segment of the programme. Line 8-9: Now you could go into some of the most competitive jewellery stores Line 23: Now look as I just turn it to Here the discourse marker now is used as a tool to draw attention to what she wants the audience to look at. In the former utterance the presenter uses the conditional form could, which is more of a mitigated directive so it has a less authoritative feel. Deictic words like now and hyperbolic adjectives amazing are as Ogilvy describes them, all shop worn clichis that work in the world of advertising. In the latter utterance she uses an imperative look as the audience are being urged to buy. This adds a degree of immediacy and authority and puts the presenter in position of power. Line 36: Now previously over 500 of you have gone for this particular pendant Line 89-90: but never mind. Lets have a look at what er we are going to be talking about now Discourse markers make it clear when there is a subject shift and draws the audiences attention to what the presenter will be talking about next.

Auditor Independence Essay -- Auditing

1. Introduction 1.1 The objectives of audit Under the regulatory, directors are required to produce financial statements annually which give a true and faire view of the affairs of the company and its profit and loss for the period and accountable to shareholders. Auditors have a responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance to the shareholders and other stakeholders of a company on the financial statements. The objective of an audit of financial statements is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, thereby enabling the auditor to express an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework; and to report on the financial statements, and communicate as required by the HKSAs, in accordance with the auditor’s findings. (HKSA 200.11) In order to maintain the auditor’s integrity, objectivity, and independence, auditing standards have been issued for measuring of the quality of the auditor’s performance. Auditing standards are general guidelines to aid auditors in fulfilling their professional responsibilities in the audit of financial statements. They include consideration of professional qualities such as competence and independence, reporting requirements and evidence. (Soltani, 2007) 1.2 Code of ethics for auditor independence Audit independence is a very critical component if a business wishes to have an audit function that can add value to the organization. The audit report and opinion must be free of any bias or influence if the integrity of the audit process is to be valued and... ...to aid auditors in fraud detection and increase emphasis on professional skepticism. 4. Recommendations Since professional independence and skepticism are more important for an auditors on audit engagement. It is recommended that auditors should enhance professional skepticism to the financial statement audit. It includes increase the ability of auditor to detect fraud by training, enhancing ability through experience and paying more effort in audit plan. In order to enhance auditor independence, directors should disclose the audit and non-audit services fee to investors and let investors to evaluate the independence of the auditor. By separating of auditor duties for audit and non-audit services, it can be help to maintain auditor independence. By enhancing the internal control system and corporate governance, it can be help to reduce fraud risk.

Project Shakti Essay

Hindustan Unilever Limited is the biggest player in the market share of FMCG sector of the country. The FMCG sector of the country is the fourth largest sector of the economy with a size 13.1 billion USD. It is being positioned in the market as brand adding â€Å"Vitality to Life†. It sought for market leadership in a wide range of product categories and also across a broad spectrum of price points in each category. In 2004, HLL responded to high competition by further lowering the price across categories. It started the concept of â€Å"power brands†, initiated a channel-based system, supply chain efficiencies were captured and innovations were launched. It was the company with the a better rural penetration than any other company Its schemes like providing low-unit-packs tells us the how the company wants to penetrate deeper into the market. Q2) What was the motivation for the Shakti initiative? Was it a CSR initiative? The Shakti project by HUL can be termed as a Social Business Initiative rather than a completely Corporate Social Responsibility. It is a highly socialized business taking CSR elements into its operational strategy. It has two aspects 1. Social aspect – It includes supporting the independence women. 2. Business aspect – it includes developing sales area into untapped rural depths. ‘Shakti’ means strength and empowerment. The main motivation was to empower the women in rural areas along with business expansion. HLL realized the importance of rural markets and realized that it was the key source of growth and thus initiated project Shakti as a competitive advantage as it will be a big differentiator among FMCG companies. It also found this as a way to develop its brands through local influencers. Apart from the business motives Unilever created this project as a social initiative to provide sustainable livelihood for underprivileged women in rural areas. It also creates a win-win partnership between HUL and rural consumers for mutual benefit and growth. HUL found it difficult to set up a distribution channel in rural parts of India. So project Shakti was an initiative to create a distribution system through a network of women micro-entrepreneurs to distribute the product directly to consumers. This also ensures tapping the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid Q3) How will Project Shakti influence distribution in rural markets? Ans: The business objective was to extend the direct reach in rural markets and to build brands through local influencers i.e. build a distribution system through a network of women micro-entrepreneurs to get the product directly to consumers. Shakti utilizes women’s self-help groups (SHG) for entrepreneur development training to operate as a rural direct-to-home sales force, educating consumers on the health and hygiene benefits of HLL brands and in turn building brand loyalty among customers. Local entrepreneur’s knows their village’s needs and therefore able to influence the buying decisions of the villagers and can easily convince the villagers. The Shakti entrepreneurs are also brand ambassadors for all HUL brands in rural India. Their relationship with consumers is formed by their home-to-home contacts and hence building a brand loyalty. A member from a SHG was selected as a Shakti entrepreneur, commonly referred as ‘Shakti Amma’. She received stocks from rural distributor. After being trained by the company, the Shakti entrepreneur then sold those goods directly to consumers and retailers in the village. Q4)If Shakti cannot become profitable, should HUL continue the program? Why? If Shakti cannot become profitable, HUL should continue the program because of the following reasons: 1. Growing Rural Market * The rural market is makes up 72.74% of the overall Indian population. The untappedpotential of this market can be made viable only with deeper penetration. The marketing techniques which suit to the urban population of the country cannot suffice for this new expanding market due to social causes like bad connectivity, lesser means of media communication and illiteracy. Project Shakti has been developed in such a way that it can market the product beyond these restrictions by one-to-one endorsement. Due to the social mind-set in most of the rural areas, it is easier to influence them by local people whom they find more credible. 2. Stagnant Urban Market * The urban market is slowing on growth since the previous three years. It can be expected that it will reach a saturation point sometime in the future. Also there will be more competition in the market reducing the growth trajectory. There is a high need for creating new markets and leverage the first mover advantage. 3. Deeper Social Impact * The Project Shakti is popular for the deeper social Impact it is creating in the minds of the people. With initiatives like â€Å"Shakti Vani† and â€Å"iShakti† HLL can reach the rural population with the message of social development on all fronts. While the project â€Å"Shakti† in itself has a widespread message of women empowerment, these other initiatives focus on the betterment of the rural life on health and internet connectivity fronts. 4. Brand building * The Project Shakti does not only provide for creating market but on a broader horizon it creates a brand value for the rural customers who can be difficult to lure by other entertaining advertisement campaigns. The Project Shakti will not be just a source of awareness for this market but the way it has been progressing, it can be imbibed as a part of consumer’s life itself. In such a case the value which the HLL brand will connote will be beyond regular supply of quality products at lower prices. This value will be hard to earn for any other customer and will position the brand as harbinger of development in such rural areas. 5. Communication Channel * The rural market has poor connectivity in terms of supply chain. Project Shakti can be an efficient way to overcome this barrier to rural market. In terms of communicating the brand value, Project Shakti goes beyond the barriers of illiteracy and lack of media. There can be no better way than one-to-one endorsement which can be the key influencer and can impact category, brand awareness as well as usage. With the Project Shakti, HLL will not only be able to enjoy the first mover advantage in a market which has a huge potential, but also create greater brand value which the competitors who might enter this market later will find tough to compete. Thus, Project Shakti in short works efficiently on the rural market on the aspects of affordability, awareness, availability and acceptability for the rural consumers. But some changes can be made to make it more profitable by reducing costs. Better entrepreneurs can be selected for the procedure and

The Era Of The Cold War Essay - 2000 Words

The era of the Cold War was a tumultuous time where conflicts arose in many aspects of American culture and international wars waged to prevent the spread of Soviet influence over other nations. U.S. foreign policy would see much intervention, where nations were used to engage in proxy wars. The United States’ domestic politics would see much panic among congress and many senators, where the looming fears of Soviet influence and communist spies altered how politicians and lawmakers conducted themselves and how laws were passed. The influence the cold War held on American society would have many civil liberties violated and ignored, tensions would erupt consequently leading to protests which see the fabric of society tear as demonstrations and protests challenged the laws and authorities in a time of paranoia and uncertainty. While the United States contested with the Soviet Union to be the de facto super power, American society would no not remain as it once had with civil rights movements forming to address the many injustices they had endured for generations. The ambitions of the United States of America and Soviet Union test and change the cultural and technological aspects of both nations, where the release of the atomic bomb on the Japanese expedited the development of each nation’s weapon arsenal, responding to each achievement with innovation and engineering feats which epitomized the twentieth century. The Cold War would intensify with the detonation of theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Era1871 Words   |  8 Pagesend of World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. 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The relationship between the spectator and the suffering has significantly changed in the past few decades and NGOs and individuals seeking to motivateRead MoreThe Cold War Era Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesSince World War II ended, the United States has been involved in several other conflicts, all o f which were much further from total war than was the Second World War. Many of these were â€Å"small wars.† During the Cold War, the military’s goal was preparedness to fight two simultaneous major contingency operations. Once the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the United States emerged as the lone superpower, there appeared to be a period of peace on the horizon. The peace dividend never fully materializedRead More The Cold War Era Essay example1046 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War Era Works Cited Missing The late 1940s to the mid 1980s the American society saw what could quite possibly be titled the biggest technological effect on society. This era, The Cold War, was a period in which fear of attack or invasion and a need to be superior reigned in the American society. It led to the development of space technology, during the Space Race, communication systems, and military technology in what has been appropriately deemed the Arms Race. On OctoberRead MoreCold War Era Movie Assignment1538 Words   |  7 PagesCold War Era Movie Assignment The movie/TV clips that we watched in class were all made between the years 1954 and 1964. World War II and The Cold War between The Soviet Union and the United States became the subject of many TV shows and movies of the time period. The paranoia and fear of communism and nuclear war was very real in the 1950’s/1960’s and it shaped the cultures of both the United States and the Soviet Union. You will be asked questions not only about the clips you will view but how

Marx s Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay - 2332 Words

Karl Marx was a philosopher, economist and a socialist. He grew up in a middle class family in Germany. He is one of the most important people in the history mostly due to his ideas that people refer to as Marxism, which includes many essays and theories about politics and economics. His most famous work is called Manifesto of the Communist party. In this manuscript, along with his friend Friedrich Engels, he states that the best way for a society to develop is through a revolution and struggle in which the working class will rise against the bourgeoisie or the ruling class. They both believed that the damages that a capitalist way of life brings will ultimately lead to a revolution that paves the way for a socialist way of organizing resources and production. This manifest also describes the problems of a capitalist nation and how it allows the working class to suffer. Marxism inspired many political movements such as those in Russia and China. Capital: Critique of Political Economy is also one of Marx’s most notable works which states the many flaws of capitalism and its ties to workers and property rights. Capital proves to be Marx’s stance against classical economists. Classical economists were in support of capitalism and believed that people have the right to own land for their personal gain. Marx believed that people should own all the production aspects of a society collectively. Communism and capitalism do not fit together in a society and this battle of ideologiesShow MoreRelatedMarx s Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx, lived between 1818 and 1883, was a humanist, materialist, and a philosopher, not an economist, contrary to popular belief. â€Å"[†¦] a man engaged in endless internecine political and philosophical warfare† (Menand, 2016, pg. 2). He is the author to the popular text, â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party† (1848), where Marx defined communism, discussed how indu strial capitalism is evil, alienation versus objectification, liberation from alienation, types of class struggles in society, dialecticalRead MoreMarx And Friedrich Engels s Manifesto Of The Communist Party948 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1848 Karl Marx and his close friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels wrote The Manifesto of the Communist Party as a platform for the Communist League, a society to which they both belonged. This essay will explore the types of societies that this document describes, as well as the effects that Industrial Capitalism had on societal and individual levels. The Communist Manifesto focuses mainly on describing the society that the authors fear or that already exists, rather than the society thatRead MoreComparing Marx And Engels s The Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE â€Å"A spectre is haunting Europe – the spectre of communism†, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels state in the Manifesto of the Communist Party, first published in 1848. (Marx and Engels 15). The word communism has been used when describing several socialist revolutions in history, and in Karl Marx’s writing. Yet, almost none of these uprisings have led to an improved, civilized society. These has been In modern society, Marx and Engels believe there are only two classes, hostile to each other - theRead More Karl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay example901 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Because the first printing of the Communist Manifesto was limited and the circulation restricted, the Manifesto did not have much impact on society after it was written in 1848. This meant that there were not many people who had access to the document. It wasn’t until 1871, when the Paris Commune occurred, that the Communist Manifesto began to have a huge impact on the working class all over the world.[i] The Paris Commune, whichRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views public and clarifiedRead MoreThe Great Philosophies From The 19th Century1386 Words   |  6 Pages- 02 17 Friday 2016 One of the greatest philosophies from the 19th century was Karl Marx. The German native born May 5 1818 was known for his works as not only a philosopher but an economist, journalist revolutionary socialist and sociologist. Marx’s different varieties of work influenced his understanding of society and and the economy during his time period. Once Marx got older, he moved to London England where he progressed his ideas and even collaborate with Friedrich EngelsRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but laterRead More Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and His Radical Views Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, â€Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.†[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within thisRead MoreMarx And Engels : An Old Meeting Place Of Voltaire And Diderot856 Words   |  4 Pages1844, 26-year-old Karl Marx and 23-year-old Friedrich Engels met in Paris for an aperitif at the Cafà © de la Regence – an old meeting place of Voltaire and Diderot. Their ensuing discourse lasted ten intense days and resulted in a lifelong friendship. This transformative relationship is evident in the publishing of The Communist Manifesto in 1848, during a period of widespread European revolution. 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The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory Essay - 686 Words

The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory According to William B. Gudykunst in his article A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters, the uncertainty reduction theory explains initial interactions between two strangers from the same culture. Studies, however, suggest this theory can also be extended to interpersonal communication between two people from different cultures. Uncertainty refers to how well you can accurately predict how strangers will behave during their initial interaction and the ability to explain the strangers behavior. Research on uncertainty reduction theory has been limited to attitude similarity. However, it has been argued that in order to understand the influence of similarity on†¦show more content†¦When you have competence in a second language it influences the strategies you use to reduce uncertainty. If you do not know the other persons language or culture, you will tend to use the uncertainty reduction strategies appropriate in your own culture. Knowing others language will help you alter the strategies you use. Because cultural dissimilarities increase uncertainty, being aware of these dissimilarities will increase your attributional confidence. Research also indicates that second language competence increases individuals ability to cope with uncertainty. Following are six hypotheses that emerge from uncertainty: 1. Attributional confidence is affected positively by the use of interactive strategies, second language competence, cultural similarity, shared networks, intimacy of the relationship, frequency of communication, interpersonal attraction, and attitude similarity. 2. The use of interactive strategies is affected positively by second language competence, shared networks, interpersonal attraction, and intimacy of the relationship and negatively affected by cultural similarity. 3. Second language competence is affected positively be experience in other culture, cultural similarity, shared networks, intimacy of the relationship, and interpersonal attraction. 4. Shared networks is correlated positively with experience in other culture, attitude similarity, frequency of communication, and intimacy of the relationshipShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Of Effective Communication Essay2054 Words   |  9 PagesThe Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory of Effective Communication is to explain how managing uncertainty and anxiety help achieve effective communication with â€Å"strangers†. The theory argues that most of our communication involves both interpersonal and intergroup processes, but communication with outgroup members has more intergroup than interpersonal factors, which causes higher uncertainty and anxiety. Managing uncertainty and anxiety is a main contribution to effective communication (e.g.,Read More William Gudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesGudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Everyone has experienced cross cultural differences one-way or the other. Even if you have not been to another country, you probably have experienced the frustration, nervousness, or difficulty in communicating with someone from a different culture. Dealing with the difference in slang, dialects, and overall cultural diversity, can be a very difficult situation to manage. Seeing these problems, William Gudykunst developed his Anxiety/ UncertaintyRead MoreEssay on A Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory901 Words   |  4 PagesA Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory How do people get to know each other? Bugs Bunny likes to open up every conversation with the question, Whats up Doc? Why does he do this? Is Bugs Bunny uncertain? Lets explore this idea of uncertainty. Shifting focus now to college students. As many other college students at Ohio University, I am put into situations that make me uncertain of my surroundings almost every time I go to a class for the first time, a group meeting, or socialRead MoreCurrent Marketing Literature On Waiting Process829 Words   |  4 Pagesexclusively focused on specific study contexts and purposes, for example, a study in restaurant waiting could hardly cover discussions about attribution; and partially due to existing conflict among applicable theories, for example, conflicts between assimilation-contrast theory and stress management theory; and partially due to a lack of universal definition for certain concepts, for example, different measurements of negative emotions. As discussed, this study attempts to cover as many factors in waitingRead MoreManaging Across Culture1434 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees. Uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty avoidance is how the society feels the level of threat of the uncertainty and ambiguity. Broader issues of intergroup behavior are related to the score of uncertainty. Member of culture high in uncertainty avoidance are pleased to accept the task which the managers given, they prefer the clear direction, so in the high uncertainty avoidance organization, the organization tending to set more job rules, procedures or the policy to deal with uncertainty. The managementRead MoreUncertainty Management Theory Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesConcept 1—Uncertainty. Uncertainty is the cognitive occurrence of a person’s inability to predict or explain both one’s own or others’ behavior, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and etc. (CITE) Essentially, it is a person’s thought processes of not being able to fully and completely know what to expect during an interaction. This concept is usually discussed in conjunction with anxiety when evaluating its rela tionship with effective communication (communication in which misunderstandings are minimized)Read MoreCase Study : Cultural Human Resource Management1361 Words   |  6 Pagesresource management Introduction Cultural issues in business are a phenomenon born by globalization of the market where companies invest in a foreign country to bring the culture of the host country and the company’s culture into contact. The market today is defined by global market that permits sharing of customers worldwide. However, during fierce competition, the market winners become the companies that who understand the Chinese culture. Therefore, cultural human resource management is criticRead MoreThe Components of Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness Theory Essay879 Words   |  4 Pages Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness Theory is a middle-range theory (Black, 2014). This means the theory is not overly broad or narrow. The theory was developed from studying men with prostate cancer who were watchfully waiting for the advancing signs of their disease (Black, 2014). The theory has three main components, which incorporate: the antecedents of uncertainty, impaired cognitive appraisal, and coping with uncertainty in illness (Neville, 2003). The antecedents of Mishel’s theory are the stimulusRead MoreHow Poor Intercultural Communication Affects International Commerce and Foreign Policy1450 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies. Being able to understand how people from different cultures and religions communicate, interact, and perceive the environment around them allows for the formation of important guidelines and practices which help combat and avoid anxiety and uncertainty in government, business, and personal intercultural relationships for the purpose of efficient negotiations and merges different cultures into more tolerant cohesive existence. It is imperative that these same principles are utilizedRead MoreWhen Cultures Collide Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesan important role in reducing the negative impacts. While Schweiger agrees that failure to communicate with employees during a merger will increase employee uncertainty and anxiety, he highlights that previous researchers (Napier et al., 1989) did not measure uncertainty nor any of the supposed dysfunctional outcomes said to follow uncertainty. Communication is also suggested by others to be avoided, as it might alert competitors or cause employees to leave an organization rather than endure painful

A Comparative Study of Oedipus the King and A Dolls House Essay Example For Students

A Comparative Study of Oedipus the King and A Dolls House Essay Lastly both men suffer from the flaw of arrogance. Torvalds arrogance is evident in his underestimation of Krogstad, during his argument with Nora over Krogstads dismissal. His assumption that his reputation was above suspicion, (Ibsen, pg 62) while ironic, is also very arrogant. He deludes himself with the idea that his career is so perfect that no one could doubt his credibility. His arrogance is also apparent during the final scene when he learns of Krogstads change of heart. While Torvald is condescending to Nora throughout the play, in this scene that his condensation becomes arrogant misogyny. His implication that Nora is a nai ve child while he is a mature protector is based not on fact but self-delusion. He does not fully appreciate the motivation behind Noras actions. Oedipus clearly shows his arrogance during his confrontation with Tiresias. Oedipus statement concerning his action during his encounter with the sphinx reveals a great sense of self-importance and pride. Both Torvald and Oedipus display several characteristics such as arrogance, which cause them to be susceptible to their eventual downfall. The lives of Oedipus and Torvald also mirror each other. They both begin the book as powerful prestigious figures. Oedipus is the ruler of Thebes, with a loving wife and many children. He is revered by all as the hero who freed Thebes from the Sphinx. Torvald is an aspiring bank manager also with a loving wife and family. He keeps a large home with several servants and is able to throw elaborate costume parties. He also has a great influence over employees at the bank, as we can see by Frogstad and Mrs. Lindes attempts to curry favor through Nora. Both men are ignorant of a pivotal secret. Oedipus is unaware that he had murdered his own father and married his mother. Torvald on the other hand is completely ignorant of Noras loan and her resulting effort to pay of the loan. The revelation of these secrets causes both these men to act in a way, which directly or indirectly causes destructive changes in their lives. Torvald upon learning of Noras loan, proceeds to blame and berate her for foolishness. This scolding causes Noras epiphany. She finally realizes the superficial nature of her marriage and leaves Torvalds household. This departure certainly has a destructive effect on Torvald as can be judged from the emotive cries of Nora! Nora! (Ibsen, pg 119) uttered following her departure. Oedipus destructive behavior is much more obvious and brutal in its nature. Following his epiphany Oedipus proceeds to gouge out his own eyes to prevent them from looking upon the horrors he has committed. This revelation also led to Jocastas suicide and the banishment of Oedipus from Thebes. Torvald and Oedipus share a number of similar life experiences. The also play similar roles in their respective plays. Torvald and Oedipus share a number of self-destructive qualities, which contribute and make them more susceptible to their eventual fall. The events experienced by these characters also are remarkably similar. Both texts relate the tale of a powerful man destroyed by a secret. A possible explanation for the similarities between the two characters is their similar role in both plays. The characters share many qualities perhaps because both authors predetermined the fate of these men and molded them to make their downfall realistic and dramatic. The similar experiences could also be attributed to this explanation. They have similar life stories because both authors devised similar roles for the characters in their plays. The authors may have both used these characters to express an archetype of downfall, perhaps attempting to utilize catharsis in their respective works. Oedipus and Torvald analogous experience and comparable personalities may be the result of both Sophocles and Ibsens attempt to utilize their respective characters to explore similar themes.