Personalised Comments Essay Example for Free

Personalised Comments Essay The presenter refers to her own experience several times in the text. She uses the expressive function using the first person story. Line 79-80: First time I heard him say that I burst out laughing in the dressing room some people er visiting QVC I just think must sound very very strange if you Here she refers to one of her experiences. The reason she might be doing this is to create solidarity with the audience. She attempts at being conversational intimate so that the audience feels like they know the presenter and will trust what she is saying. Line 62-64: Ive just realised something (2. 0) but all will become clear (2. 0) in just a couple of moments. I have changed the ear in which I wear my earpiece I used to wear the earpiece on my right ear She speaks about herself here as an incident has occurred and she feels obliged to explain what has happened in order to include the audience. She adopts a chatty, friendly tone. The presenter uses personalised comments to be deliberately informal. 2) Generic Features of Discourse The text has a number of generic features that are found in this type of discourse and spoken language in general. The presenter possesses some of these features, although they are kept to the minimum. This could be because she is a professional and experienced in this field. She makes informed comments, which adds authority to her utterances. She does this by using pseudo-scientific talk. Pseudo-scientific talk and Field Specific Lexis She uses pseudo-scientific lexis throughout the text as it gives the product prestige and this acts as a persuasive device. Line 13: Look at the shape of the vial its almost as slightly Here she uses pseudo-scientific vial, which is also a quasi-technical word. This adds prestige to the product and it makes her sound professional, and authority and the repetition of this lexeme adds emphasis. Line 23-24: turn it to the light here you can see that swirl of silver Phonological patenting like sibilance and alliteration make the products more memorable. The use of sibilance in swirl of silver adds rhythm and interest in the description of the product in order for the presenter to attract the attention of the audience. Line 40: Have a look at these the diomodice saltier dangle drop earrings Here she guides the audience, using a mitigated imperative form, to look at the product without sounding too authoritative. She uses pseudo scientific field specific lexis related to diamonds, to add weight to her utterances, and uses a neologism. This reference to diomodice sounds precious and exclusive. Alliteration is also evident dangle drop which works as a cohesive and attention seeking device. Although the information is al times technical and scientific, more often it is emotive and based on opinion rather than fact as throughout the data she describing the products suing personal endorsement and opinion, often implicitly. Discourse Markers She uses discourse markers to indicate the beginning or the end of a segment of the programme. Line 8-9: Now you could go into some of the most competitive jewellery stores Line 23: Now look as I just turn it to Here the discourse marker now is used as a tool to draw attention to what she wants the audience to look at. In the former utterance the presenter uses the conditional form could, which is more of a mitigated directive so it has a less authoritative feel. Deictic words like now and hyperbolic adjectives amazing are as Ogilvy describes them, all shop worn clichis that work in the world of advertising. In the latter utterance she uses an imperative look as the audience are being urged to buy. This adds a degree of immediacy and authority and puts the presenter in position of power. Line 36: Now previously over 500 of you have gone for this particular pendant Line 89-90: but never mind. Lets have a look at what er we are going to be talking about now Discourse markers make it clear when there is a subject shift and draws the audiences attention to what the presenter will be talking about next.

Auditor Independence Essay -- Auditing

1. Introduction 1.1 The objectives of audit Under the regulatory, directors are required to produce financial statements annually which give a true and faire view of the affairs of the company and its profit and loss for the period and accountable to shareholders. Auditors have a responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance to the shareholders and other stakeholders of a company on the financial statements. The objective of an audit of financial statements is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, thereby enabling the auditor to express an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework; and to report on the financial statements, and communicate as required by the HKSAs, in accordance with the auditor’s findings. (HKSA 200.11) In order to maintain the auditor’s integrity, objectivity, and independence, auditing standards have been issued for measuring of the quality of the auditor’s performance. Auditing standards are general guidelines to aid auditors in fulfilling their professional responsibilities in the audit of financial statements. They include consideration of professional qualities such as competence and independence, reporting requirements and evidence. (Soltani, 2007) 1.2 Code of ethics for auditor independence Audit independence is a very critical component if a business wishes to have an audit function that can add value to the organization. The audit report and opinion must be free of any bias or influence if the integrity of the audit process is to be valued and... ...to aid auditors in fraud detection and increase emphasis on professional skepticism. 4. Recommendations Since professional independence and skepticism are more important for an auditors on audit engagement. It is recommended that auditors should enhance professional skepticism to the financial statement audit. It includes increase the ability of auditor to detect fraud by training, enhancing ability through experience and paying more effort in audit plan. In order to enhance auditor independence, directors should disclose the audit and non-audit services fee to investors and let investors to evaluate the independence of the auditor. By separating of auditor duties for audit and non-audit services, it can be help to maintain auditor independence. By enhancing the internal control system and corporate governance, it can be help to reduce fraud risk.

Project Shakti Essay

Hindustan Unilever Limited is the biggest player in the market share of FMCG sector of the country. The FMCG sector of the country is the fourth largest sector of the economy with a size 13.1 billion USD. It is being positioned in the market as brand adding â€Å"Vitality to Life†. It sought for market leadership in a wide range of product categories and also across a broad spectrum of price points in each category. In 2004, HLL responded to high competition by further lowering the price across categories. It started the concept of â€Å"power brands†, initiated a channel-based system, supply chain efficiencies were captured and innovations were launched. It was the company with the a better rural penetration than any other company Its schemes like providing low-unit-packs tells us the how the company wants to penetrate deeper into the market. Q2) What was the motivation for the Shakti initiative? Was it a CSR initiative? The Shakti project by HUL can be termed as a Social Business Initiative rather than a completely Corporate Social Responsibility. It is a highly socialized business taking CSR elements into its operational strategy. It has two aspects 1. Social aspect – It includes supporting the independence women. 2. Business aspect – it includes developing sales area into untapped rural depths. ‘Shakti’ means strength and empowerment. The main motivation was to empower the women in rural areas along with business expansion. HLL realized the importance of rural markets and realized that it was the key source of growth and thus initiated project Shakti as a competitive advantage as it will be a big differentiator among FMCG companies. It also found this as a way to develop its brands through local influencers. Apart from the business motives Unilever created this project as a social initiative to provide sustainable livelihood for underprivileged women in rural areas. It also creates a win-win partnership between HUL and rural consumers for mutual benefit and growth. HUL found it difficult to set up a distribution channel in rural parts of India. So project Shakti was an initiative to create a distribution system through a network of women micro-entrepreneurs to distribute the product directly to consumers. This also ensures tapping the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid Q3) How will Project Shakti influence distribution in rural markets? Ans: The business objective was to extend the direct reach in rural markets and to build brands through local influencers i.e. build a distribution system through a network of women micro-entrepreneurs to get the product directly to consumers. Shakti utilizes women’s self-help groups (SHG) for entrepreneur development training to operate as a rural direct-to-home sales force, educating consumers on the health and hygiene benefits of HLL brands and in turn building brand loyalty among customers. Local entrepreneur’s knows their village’s needs and therefore able to influence the buying decisions of the villagers and can easily convince the villagers. The Shakti entrepreneurs are also brand ambassadors for all HUL brands in rural India. Their relationship with consumers is formed by their home-to-home contacts and hence building a brand loyalty. A member from a SHG was selected as a Shakti entrepreneur, commonly referred as ‘Shakti Amma’. She received stocks from rural distributor. After being trained by the company, the Shakti entrepreneur then sold those goods directly to consumers and retailers in the village. Q4)If Shakti cannot become profitable, should HUL continue the program? Why? If Shakti cannot become profitable, HUL should continue the program because of the following reasons: 1. Growing Rural Market * The rural market is makes up 72.74% of the overall Indian population. The untappedpotential of this market can be made viable only with deeper penetration. The marketing techniques which suit to the urban population of the country cannot suffice for this new expanding market due to social causes like bad connectivity, lesser means of media communication and illiteracy. Project Shakti has been developed in such a way that it can market the product beyond these restrictions by one-to-one endorsement. Due to the social mind-set in most of the rural areas, it is easier to influence them by local people whom they find more credible. 2. Stagnant Urban Market * The urban market is slowing on growth since the previous three years. It can be expected that it will reach a saturation point sometime in the future. Also there will be more competition in the market reducing the growth trajectory. There is a high need for creating new markets and leverage the first mover advantage. 3. Deeper Social Impact * The Project Shakti is popular for the deeper social Impact it is creating in the minds of the people. With initiatives like â€Å"Shakti Vani† and â€Å"iShakti† HLL can reach the rural population with the message of social development on all fronts. While the project â€Å"Shakti† in itself has a widespread message of women empowerment, these other initiatives focus on the betterment of the rural life on health and internet connectivity fronts. 4. Brand building * The Project Shakti does not only provide for creating market but on a broader horizon it creates a brand value for the rural customers who can be difficult to lure by other entertaining advertisement campaigns. The Project Shakti will not be just a source of awareness for this market but the way it has been progressing, it can be imbibed as a part of consumer’s life itself. In such a case the value which the HLL brand will connote will be beyond regular supply of quality products at lower prices. This value will be hard to earn for any other customer and will position the brand as harbinger of development in such rural areas. 5. Communication Channel * The rural market has poor connectivity in terms of supply chain. Project Shakti can be an efficient way to overcome this barrier to rural market. In terms of communicating the brand value, Project Shakti goes beyond the barriers of illiteracy and lack of media. There can be no better way than one-to-one endorsement which can be the key influencer and can impact category, brand awareness as well as usage. With the Project Shakti, HLL will not only be able to enjoy the first mover advantage in a market which has a huge potential, but also create greater brand value which the competitors who might enter this market later will find tough to compete. Thus, Project Shakti in short works efficiently on the rural market on the aspects of affordability, awareness, availability and acceptability for the rural consumers. But some changes can be made to make it more profitable by reducing costs. Better entrepreneurs can be selected for the procedure and

The Era Of The Cold War Essay - 2000 Words

The era of the Cold War was a tumultuous time where conflicts arose in many aspects of American culture and international wars waged to prevent the spread of Soviet influence over other nations. U.S. foreign policy would see much intervention, where nations were used to engage in proxy wars. The United States’ domestic politics would see much panic among congress and many senators, where the looming fears of Soviet influence and communist spies altered how politicians and lawmakers conducted themselves and how laws were passed. The influence the cold War held on American society would have many civil liberties violated and ignored, tensions would erupt consequently leading to protests which see the fabric of society tear as demonstrations and protests challenged the laws and authorities in a time of paranoia and uncertainty. While the United States contested with the Soviet Union to be the de facto super power, American society would no not remain as it once had with civil rights movements forming to address the many injustices they had endured for generations. The ambitions of the United States of America and Soviet Union test and change the cultural and technological aspects of both nations, where the release of the atomic bomb on the Japanese expedited the development of each nation’s weapon arsenal, responding to each achievement with innovation and engineering feats which epitomized the twentieth century. The Cold War would intensify with the detonation of theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Era1871 Words   |  8 Pagesend of World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. 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